HISTORICAL NOTES
Legend has it that says Siena was founded by Senio, the son of Remus, who was one of the founders of Rome. Several columns are to be found dotted around the city centre topped by a she-wolf suckling twin brothers (Romulus and Remus), recalling Siena’s link with this legend. Other historians claim that the city’s name originates from that of an Etruscan family: Saina.
It is certain that Siena began to develop in the Middle Age and spread over three hills, later known as the “Terzi” (thirds). The city is shaped like an upside-down Y, with the old “Via Francigena”, which connected Rome and Paris, running through it.

Siena had its greatest period of prosperity in the XIII-XIV centuries, when it was an independent republic and grew to become one of the European capitals of commerce and banking (the latter still being the city’s most important activity).

In this period Sienese art flourished and many famous painters, such as Duccio di Boninsegna and Simone Martini, established schools of painting.
This era was also characterised by strong rivalry, especially with neighbouring Florence. One of the most memorable episodes in this struggle was the Battle of Monteaperti (1260), in which the Sienese Ghibellines defeated the Florentine Guelphs.
While a monumental Cathedral was being built in 1348, Siena was hit by the plague and its population was decimated: this marked the beginning of a period of decline, culminating in 1559, when the city lost its independence and became part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
The Gothic style marks the city in both its art and architecture and adds to Siena’s special atmosphere, characterised by the use of typical materials such as terracotta bricks and local stone. A great expression of this unique character is the shell-shaped Piazza del Campo, where the City Council has its seat in the Palazzo Pubblico (Town Hall).

Useful links:
www.terredisiena.it
www.comunedisiena.it